冲绳海槽表层沉积物放射虫属种空间分布特征及其影响因素     

董智  石学法  邹欣庆  邹建军  杨宝菊  刘季花  程振波 《地学前缘》2020,27(6):300-312

为探究冲绳海槽放射虫属种的空间分布特征及其海洋学意义,对采自冲绳海槽北部、中部和南部3个海域的34个表层沉积物中的放射虫群落组成特征进行了系统研究。总体看来,冲绳海槽表层沉积物放射虫丰度较高,群落组成以热带-亚热带暖水放射虫属种为主,其中优势种为Tetrapyle octacantha group、Spongodiscus resurgens和Euchitonia furcata。结果表明冲绳海槽放射虫属种存在明显的区域差异性,除T.octacantha group以外,其余暖水指示种含量总体上均呈现南高北低的变化趋势。冲绳海槽北部陆架-陆坡区受长江冲淡水的影响,温度和盐度变化较为剧烈,因此可能不利于大多数放射虫暖水指示种的发育,但T.octacantha group却因自身适宜生存的温度范围较大,进而得以在冲绳海槽北部陆坡区呈现出高值。较高的中层水温度可能是抑制亚北极中层水指示种Cycladophora davisiana在冲绳海槽分布的主要因素,而冲绳海槽的高海槛则限制了太平洋深层水种Carpocanistrum papillosum和Cornutella profunda的入侵。冲绳海槽放射虫的空间分布对区域海洋环境特征有着很好的响应,因此可以为古环境重建研究提供重要依据。  相似文献   

基于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

艾未华  冯梦延  陈冠宇  陆文 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):115-122

Due to the low spatial resolution of sea surface temperature(T_S) retrieval by real aperture microwave radiometers,in this study, an iterative retrieval method that minimizes the differences between brightness temperature(T_B)measured and modeled was used to retrieve sea surface temperature with a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, temporarily named 1 D-SAMR. Regarding the configuration of the radiometer, an angular resolution of 0.43° was reached by theoretical calculation. Experiments on sea surface temperature retrieval were carried out with ideal parameters; the results show that the main factors affecting the retrieval accuracy of sea surface temperature are the accuracy of radiometer calibration and the precision of auxiliary geophysical parameters. In the case of no auxiliary parameter errors, the greatest error in retrieved sea surface temperature is obtained at low T_S scene(i.e., 0.710 6 K for the incidence angle of 35° under the radiometer calibration accuracy of0.5 K). While errors on auxiliary parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, the greatest error on retrieved sea surface temperature was 1.330 5 K at an incidence angle of 65° in poorly known sea surface wind speed(W)(the error on W of 1.0 m/s) over high W scene, for the radiometer calibration accuracy of 0.5 K.  相似文献   

獐子岛养殖区夏季底层水温快速变化的机理分析     

南学良  魏皓  凡仁福  杨伟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):46-54

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.  相似文献   

The impact of northern Indian Ocean rivers on the Bay of Bengal using NEMO global ocean model     

Srivastava Atul  Gera Anith  Momin Imran M.  Mitra Ashis Kumar  Gupta Ankur 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):45-55

The effect of river runoff over the northern Indian Ocean(NIO) especially over the Bay of Bengal(Bo B) has been studied using global Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean(NEMO). Two sensitivity experiments, with and without river runoff are conducted and the influence of river runoff on the Indian Ocean hydrography,stratification and circulation features are studied. It is found that due to river runoff surface salinity over the northern Bo B decreases by more than 5 and the East India Coastal Current strengthens by 2 cm/s during post monsoon season. The fresh river water reaches up to 15°N in the Bo B and is the main cause for low salinity there.Sea surface temperature in the northwestern Bo B increases by more than 0.2℃ due to the river runoff in summer monsoon while surface cooling upto 0.2℃ is seen in north-west part of Bo B in winter season. The seasonal mixed layer depth in the region is found to be dependent on river runoff. The effect of vertical shear and Brunt Vaisala frequency on stratification is also examined. The ocean water becomes highly stratified up to 3 035 m due to the river runoff. It is found that the energy required for mixing is high in the northern and coastal Bo B.  相似文献   

无人船现状及发展趋势综述     

蒲进菁  刘涵  江云华  黄坚  邝广绅  李小龙 《海洋信息》2020,35(1):6-11

无人船是海洋技术发展的产物,作为一种新型技术手段目前已在海洋调测和防务领域广泛应用.本文从无人船系统的组成、应用领域和发展现状出发,归纳总结无人船的关键技术,并研究其发展趋势.作为一种水面机动载体,无人船关键技术包括特型平台设计技术、运动控制技术和通信技术3个方面,其核心是围绕任务内容、载荷原理、使用环境特点,以应用设计、功能开发为主体的系统集成和应用.现阶段无人船主要作为传统海上工作方法的补充,在遵守、参照现有各种法规、技术标准要求的前提下,搭载已成型的船用任务载荷,按照载人船舶的作业模式、施工惯例投入各种应用.未来随着材料技术、人工智能、通信技术的发展,以及相关政策、法规的建立、健全,无人船将逐步成为一种独立的技术手段,形成一系列新的作业模式和技术方法.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights     

Ki‐mook Kang  Duk‐jin Kim  Yunjee Kim  Eunhee Lee  Bong‐Gwan Kim  Seung Hee Kim  Kyoochul Ha  Dong‐Chan Koh  Yang‐Ki Cho  Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.  相似文献   

The vertical influence of temperature and precipitation on snow cover variability in the Central Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China     

Senyao Wu  Xueliang Zhang  Jinkang Du  Xiaobing Zhou  Ye Tuo  Runjie Li  Zheng Duan 《水文研究》2019,33(12):1686-1697

Seasonal snow cover in mountainous regions will affect local climate and hydrology. In this study, we assessed the role of altitude in determining the relative importance of temperature and precipitation in snow cover variability in the Central Tianshan Mountains. The results show that: (a) in the study area, temperature has a greater influence on snow cover than precipitation during most of the time period studied and in most altitudes. (b) In the high elevation area, there is a threshold altitude of 3,900 ± 400 m, below which temperature is negatively correlated whereas precipitation is positively correlated to snow cover, and above which the situation is the opposite. Besides, this threshold altitude decreases from snow accumulated period to snow stable period and then increases from snowmelt period to snow‐free period. (c) Below 2,000 m, there is another threshold altitude of 1,400 ± 100 m during the snow stable period, below (above) which precipitation (temperature) is the main driver of snow cover.  相似文献   

不同气候模态下西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源丰度预测模型建立   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘祝楠  陈新军 《海洋学报》2018,40(6):74-82

秋刀鱼（Cololabis saira）资源对海洋环境因素极为敏感，不同气候模态可能对秋刀鱼资源丰度产生不同的影响。根据1990-2014年西北太平洋日本的秋刀鱼渔业中单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE，以此作为资源丰度），以及相应产卵场、索饵场的海表温（SST）遥感数据，探讨太平洋年际震荡（PDO）指数冷、暖年下，秋刀鱼资源丰度CPUE变化与产卵场、索饵场SST的关系，并分别建立资源丰度的预测模型。研究表明，PDO冷年索饵场4月SST与年CPUE显著相关（P<0.05），PDO暖年索饵场11月的SST与年标准化CPUE显著相关（P<0.05）。PDO冷、暖年的秋刀鱼资源丰度的预测模型中，CPUE均与索饵场11月的SST、索饵场4月SST呈现正相关的关系，统计学上为显著相关（P<0.05）。PDO冷年（2012年）和PDO暖年（2014年）的CPUE预测值与实际值相对误差分别为14.03%、-16.26%，具有较好的拟合效果。研究认为，不同气候模态下，可用于秋刀鱼资源丰度预测的环境因子不同，上述建立资源丰度模型可用于业务化运行。  相似文献   

温度骤降对大黄鱼Larimichthys crocea鱼卵与仔鱼的影响          下载免费PDF全文

周孔霖  杜萍  寿鹿  廖一波  刘永叶  黄伟 《海洋学研究》2018,36(4):68-75

滨海电厂温排水停止排放以及季节更替、寒潮来袭等现象会引起海水温度降低,从而对鱼类等变温生物产生冷冲击效应。本研究通过模拟水温骤降情形,以孵化率、死亡率、畸形率等为指标,探讨了温度骤降对大黄鱼早期发育阶段(鱼卵和仔鱼)的冷冲击作用。研究发现,大黄鱼仔鱼(3日龄)对温度骤降的敏感性略高于鱼卵。在大黄鱼鱼卵和仔鱼的适温范围内,当水温由22 ℃骤降至19 ℃或16 ℃时,鱼卵的孵化率和死亡率无明显变化,而胚胎发育和仔鱼的生长发育均减缓,仔鱼的死亡率提高;水温超出适温范围,由22 ℃骤降至13 ℃或10 ℃时,对鱼卵和仔鱼造成致命的冷冲击伤害,48 h累积死亡率分别为84.6%~100%和72.1%~98.2%。由此推测:当水温骤降超出适温范围后,大黄鱼的早期发育阶段遭受致命的冷冲击伤害,从而影响种群补充和年龄结构。  相似文献   

Simulations of the Impact of Lakes on Local and Regional Climate Over the Tibetan Plateau     

Lingjing Zhu  Xin Liu  Lei Tian  Qunhui Zhang 《大气与海洋》2018,56(4):230-239

ABSTRACT

Because of the high elevation and complex topography of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the role of lakes in the climate system over the Tibetan Plateau is not well understood. For this study, we investigated the impact of lake processes on local and regional climate using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which includes a one-dimensional physically based lake model. The first simulation with the WRF model was performed for the TP over the 2000–2010 period, and the second was carried out during the same period but with the lakes filled with nearby land-use types. Results with the lake simulation show that the model captures the spatial and temporal patterns of annual mean precipitation and temperature well over the TP. Through comparison of the two simulations, we found that the TP lakes mainly cool the near-surface air, inducing a decreasing sensible heat flux for the entire year. Meanwhile, stronger evaporation produced by the lakes is found in the fall. During the summer, the cooling effect of the lakes decreases precipitation in the surrounding area and generates anomalous circulation patterns. In conclusion, the TP lakes cool the near-surface atmosphere most of the time, weaken the sensible heat flux, and strengthen the latent heat flux, resulting in changes in mesoscale precipitation and regional-scale circulation.  相似文献